We aim to develop the next generation of world-leading researchers by performing research toward understanding fundamental life principles focusing on the diversity of life. Our current research topics are as follows: 1. (Kohno and Kubo) Honey bees exhibit advanced social behaviors. We have revealed that the honey bee mushroom bodies, a higher-order center of the insect brain, comprise three Kenyon cell subtypes with distinct gene expression profiles. We are currently analyzing functions of genes expressed in a Kenyon cell subtype-preferential manner using genome editing, and the brain neural bases underlying behavioral evolution in Hymenoptera through comparative analyses using some hymenopteran species that have different behavioral traits. 2. (Fukazawa and Kubo) The amphibian Xenopus laevis tadpoles can regenerate functional tails when their tails are amputated. In organ regeneration, the wound triggers the formation of a characteristic proliferating cell population called “blastema” at the wound site, which subsequently forms a regenerating organ. It is likely that these wound response mechanisms are responsible for the high regenerative ability of amphibians. We are currently analyzing the signaling pathways from tail amputation to proliferating cell induction and blastema formation, as well as the mechanisms of immune responses after tail amputation that promote blastema formation and induce immune tolerance to protect the blastema.